The West and the Rest article

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/books/review/civilization-the-west-and-the-rest-by-niall-ferguson-book-review.html

Message from America

Hello students,

I am back home in America, but please continue to monitor this site and reply with any messages that you may have. Continue to work hard! Thank you students!

Questions for Oct 2nd Class

Hello everyone,

Here are the questions for Tuesday's class. We will discuss your responses, and then we will review for the midterm. Have a nice weekend!

How were Muslim Turks able to capture the city of Canstaninople?
Why was this important?

What was a guild? Why was it important in Europe in the Middle Ages?

What was life like for Jewish people living under the Ottoman Empire?

Bernard Lewis Lecture

https://www.c-span.org/video/?175933-1/depth-bernard-lewishttps://www.c-span.org/video/?175933-1/depth-bernard-lewis

Feudalism Article 1

https://www.historyonthenet.com/medieval-life-feudalism-feudal-system/

Feudalism Article 2

http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/feudalism-in-the-middle-ages.html

Holy Roman Empire Article

http://m.historyrevealed.com/article/international-history/nutshell-holy-roman-empire

St Augustine Article

Visit the following link to access the article on St. Augustine:

https://www.ancient.eu/amp/2-918/

St Augstine

Please read  this brief excerpt of St. Augustine' s biography: 


Augustine remains a central figure, both within Christianity and in the history of Western thought. Himself much influenced by Platonism and neo-Platonism, particularly by Plotinus, Augustine was important to the "baptism" of Greek thought and its entrance into the Christian, and subsequently the European intellectual tradition. Also important was his early and influential writing on the human will, a central topic in ethics, and one which became a focus for later philosophers such as Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. It is largely due to Augustine's influence that Western Christianity subscribes to the doctrine of original sin, and the Roman Catholic Church holds that baptisms and ordinations done outside of the Roman Catholic Church can be valid (the Roman Catholic Church recognizes ordinations done in Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, but not in Protestant churches, and recognizes baptisms done in nearly all Christian churches). Catholic theologians generally subscribe to Augustine's belief that God exists outside of time in the "eternal present"; time existing only within the created universe.

Constatine Article

Hello everyone! Here is the article about Constatine. Please read for Tuesday's class:
https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/rulers/constantine.html

Map of Modern Europe